The Central Geological Survey (CGS), under the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), is the only government agency responsible for geological surveys and geoscience research in Taiwan. Fundamental work carried out by the CGS includes geological surveys, research, and compilation of geological map sheets providing key geological information. The CGS is also involved in investigations with regard to environmental geology, hydrogeology, geological hazards, active faults, landslides, engineering geology, and mineral resources all of which are important to national economic development and major urban construction projects.

- Mission
All research work is supported by laboratories well equipped with highly precise instruments. The CGS, aiming to provide important basic geoscience information, lends support to the nation's economic development and major construction projects as well as performing geological investigation duties across Taiwan.

- Organization
The CGS was founded on November 20, 1978 to replace the Provincial Geological Survey of Taiwan and to enhance the functioning of a national geological survey. Since 2002, the CGS, under the leadership of the Director and Deputy Director, has been functioning through six technical units: the Planning Office, Regional Geology Division, Active Tectonics Division, Environmental & Engineering Geology Division, Geological Resources Division, and Geological Information Division. Administrative support is provided by the Secretarial Office, Accounting Office, Personnel Office, and Discipline Office.

- 2009 Budget
The 2009 budget was estimated at NT$430 million. This year, co-financing for geological research and public service activities was at a rate of seventy-four point five percent (74.50%) of the whole budget.